that "the 23rd was made up of men mostly from Washington and Baltimore" though the regiment was credited to the state of Virginia. [63], While Major General George B. McClellan's 87,000-man Army of the Potomac was moving to intercept Lee, a Union soldier discovered a mislaid copy of the detailed battle plans of Lee's army, on Sunday 14 September. At its peak, over 20,000 Confederate soldiers occupied Point Lookout at any given time, more than double its intended occupancy. Every purchase supports the mission. [66], Lee's setback at the Battle of Antietam can also be seen as a turning point in that it may have dissuaded the governments of France and Great Britain from recognizing the Confederacy, doubting the South's ability to maintain and win the war.[67]. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia, consisting of about 40,000 men, had entered Maryland following their recent victory at Second Bull Run. The sirens whistled. Of the Trimble count, McKim states The estimate above alluded to, of 20,000 Marylanders in the Confederate service, rests apparently upon no better basis than an oral statement of General Cooper to General Trimble, in which he said he believed that the muster rolls would show that about 20,000 men in the Confederate army had given the State of Maryland as the place of their nativity. Harris states that Lincoln may or may not have been aware of this communication. "[79]:48 Others thought they heard him say "Revenge for the South!" Coming Soon!! [15] One of the men involved in this destruction would be arrested for it in May without recourse to habeas corpus, leading to the ex parte Merryman ruling. William Penn was the largest Civil War camp for the training of officers to lead African American troops. [51], A similar situation existed in relation to Marylanders serving in the United States Colored Troops. In September 1863, Rebel prisoners totaled 4,000 men. (PowerPoint presentation.). But on July 10, Confederate General Jubal Early rode intoRockvillewith 15,000 men headed for Washington D.C. 51-52. By late summer Maryland was firmly in the hands of Union soldiers. Update, June 15 at 2:00 p.m.: The Maryland State House Trust has voted to remove a plaque in Maryland's Capitol building honoring the Civil War's Union and Confederate soldiers. The American Battlefield Trust and our members have saved more than 56,000 acres in 25 states! His executive officer was the Marylander George H. Steuart, who would later be known as "Maryland Steuart" to distinguish him from his more famous cavalry colleague J.E.B. Visitors marvel at the courage of Stuart and his men to cross the mile-wide river, filled with rocks, rapids, and whirlpools. He also served two terms as Acting Assistant Surgeon with the Union Army. WebCamp Hoffman (1) (1863-1865) - A Union U.S. Civil War prison camp established in 1863 on Point Lookout, Saint Mary's County, Maryland. Civil War era Rare Officer's Traveling Inkwell with Early defeated Union troops under Maj. Gen. Lew Wallace. Human error in the form of overcrowding the camps a frequent cause of widespread disease is to blame for many of the deaths at Point Lookout, Alton, and Salisbury. The American Battlefield Trust is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. South Situated on a 54-acre island within the James River, a stone's throw away from the Confederate capital of Richmond, Belle Isle received the ire of Northern politicians and poets alike. Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War, Antietam Camp #3. This is a PowerPoint presentation. [45] Its initial term of duty was for twelve months.[48]. Thomas Livermore, Numbers and Losses in the Civil War, Boston, 1900. Indeed, on the whole there appear to have been twice as many black Marylanders serving in the U.S.C.T. This Civil War presentation will use a life-sized mannequin dressed as a wounded Civil War soldier to discuss and demonstrate some Civil War-era (1860s) battlefield medical procedures and techniques. On June 28, 1863, Confederate General J.E.B Stuart and his three cavalry brigades crossed the Potomac River and arrived in Montgomery County. The constitution was submitted to the people for ratification on October 13, 1864 and it was narrowly approved by a vote of 30,174 to 29,799 (50.31% to 49.69%) in a vote likely overshadowed by the heavy presence of Union troops in the state and the repression of Confederate sympathizers. Duncan, Richard Ray. There were simply too many prisoners and not enough food, clothing, medicine, or tents to go around. [25] After the occupation of the city, Union troops were garrisoned throughout the state. 69-70. WebConfederate prisoners of war who secured their release from prison by enlisting in the Union Army, were recruited: Alton, Illinois (rolls 1320); Camp Douglas, Illinois (rolls 5364); Camp Morton, Illinois (rolls 99103); Point Lookout, Maryland (rolls 111129); and Rock Island, Illinois (rolls 131135.) Overcrowding brutalized camp conditions in many ways. [6] Not all blacks in Maryland were slaves. Obviously many natives of Maryland were doubtless in 1861 citizens of other States, and could not therefore be reckoned among the soldiers furnished by Maryland to the Confederate armies. In June 1863 General Lee's army again advanced north into Maryland, taking the war into Union territory for the second time. Headings - Maryland--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Maps - Maryland Campaign, 1862--Maps - United States--Maryland Notes Stuarts Wild Ride Through Montgomery CountySpeaker: Robert Plumb. [28] By May 21 there was no need to send further troops. One prisoner in seven died, for a total of 4,200 deaths by 1865. Harpers Ferry is not occupied by either side again until February 1862. "Lincoln's divided backyard: Maryland in the Civil War era" (PhD dissertation, Rice University, 2010), Crittenden, Amy Gray. By October of 1864, the number of Union prisoners inside Salisbury swelled to more than 5,000 men, and within a few more months that number skyrocketed to more than 10,000. By the time the last prisoners were sent home in September of 1865, close to 3,000 men had perished. Confederate forces under Lt. Gen. Jubal A. In the early months of the camp's existence, the conditions inside Salisbury were quite good, relatively speaking. While they often wrote frankly of the carnage wrought by bullets smashing limbs and grapeshot tearing ragged holes through advancing lines, many soldiers described their prisoner of war experiences as a more heinous undertaking altogether. The nature of the deaths and the reasons for them are a continuing source of controversy. Although Union leadership mandated a ceiling of 4,000 prisoners at Elmira, within a month of its opening that numbered had swelled to 12,123 men. WebPoolesville Civil War Camps (1861 - 1865), at or near Poolesville Union garrison posts Because the state bordered the District of Columbia and the opposing factions within the state strongly desired to sway public opinion towards their respective causes, Maryland played an important role in the war. WebConfederate prisoners of war who secured their release from prison by enlisting in the Union Army, were recruited: Alton, Illinois (rolls 1320); Camp Douglas, Illinois (rolls 5364); Camp Morton, Illinois (rolls 99103); Point Lookout, Maryland (rolls 111129); and Rock Island, Illinois (rolls 131135.) WebDuring the Civil War Era, Point Lookout was first a hospital for wounded Union soldiers and then a Civil War prison camp for captured Confederate soldiers. Join this descendant of Civil War veterans, who shares songs and stories from the War Between the States, wearing both blue and gray, and accompanying himself on guitar. [citation needed] However, the constitution secured ratification once the votes of Union army soldiers from Maryland were included. Similarly, Robert Beecham, in his memoir, As If It Were Glory, Lanham, Maryland, 1998, p. 166, says of the 23rd U.S.C.T. [62] However, McClellan waited about 18 hours before deciding to take advantage of this intelligence and position his forces based on it, thus endangering a golden opportunity to defeat Lee decisively. July 21 Union troops occupy Harpers Ferry. ", Cannon, Jessica Ann. WebCivil War Prison Camps Suffering and Survival Harpers Weekly depiction of [14], Hearing no immediate reply from Washington, on the evening of April 19 Governor Hicks and Mayor Brown ordered the destruction of railroad bridges leading into the city from the North, preventing further incursions by Union soldiers. Some witnesses said he shouted "The South is avenged! But few escaped to tell the tale.[65]. Elmira Prison, also known as "Hellmira," opened in July of 1864. Not all those who sympathised with the rebels would abandon their homes and join the Confederacy. He goes about from place to place, sometimes staying in one county, sometimes in another and then passing a few days in the city. The Man Who (Almost) Conquered Washington: Gen. John McCauslandSpeaker: James H. Johnston. State's participation as a Union slave state; a border state, Marylanders fought both for the Union and the Confederacy, Constitution of 1864, and the abolition of slavery. [47], Captain Bradley T. Johnson refused the offer of the Virginians to join a Virginia Regiment, insisting that Maryland should be represented independently in the Confederate army. The singular actions of Clara Barton, Julia Ward Howe, Sarah Josepha Hale, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and Harriet Tubman led to their prominence during the war, and launched them into successful public roles following the conflict. [64], The armies met near the town of Sharpsburg by the Antietam Creek. The battle was part of Early's raid through the Shenandoah Valley and into Maryland, attempting to divert Union forces away from Gen. Robert E. Lee's army under siege at Petersburg, Virginia. WebColonial Wars Pequot War French & Iroquois Wars King Philip's War Pueblo Rebellion King William's War Queen Anne's War Tuscarora War Dummer's War King George's War French & Indian War Pontiac's Rebellion Lord Dunmore's War American Wars Revolutionary War Tripolitan War Tecumseh's War War of 1812 Creek Indian War The First Seminole War 2023 Montgomery County Historical Society. False history marginalizes African Americans and makes us all dumber", Point Lookout History, Maryland Department of Natural Resources, "TimesMachine April 15, 1865 - New York Times", "Lee-Jackson Memorial" Smithsonian Art Inventories Catalog, "Confederate monuments taken down in Baltimore overnight", www.waymarking.com Rockville Civil War Monument - Rockville, Maryland, "As Confederate symbols come down, 'Talbot Boys' endures", National Park Service map of Civil War sites in Maryland, List of Union Civil War monuments and memorials, List of memorials to the Grand Army of the Republic, Confederate artworks in the United States Capitol, List of Confederate monuments and memorials, Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials. [68] Quartermaster John Howard recalled that Steuart performed "seventeen double somersaults" all the while whistling Maryland, My Maryland. If I am attacked to-night, please open upon Monument Square with your mortars. This PowerPoint presentation covers both the Civil War history of the camps at Muddy Branch and the history and archaeology of its outpost blockhouse and camp located within Blockhouse Point Conservation Park. [58], Among the prisoners captured by William Goldsborough was his own brother Charles Goldsborough. Civil War era Rare Officer's Traveling Inkwell with Archaeological Investigations On the night of June 27, 1863, Confederate General J.E.B. During the early summer of 1861, several thousand Marylanders crossed the Potomac to join the Confederate Army. WebEmerging Civil War Series. as white Marylanders in the Confederate army. WebThe POW Camps in Maryland during World War II included: Edgewood Arsenal (Chemical Warfare Center), Gunpowder, Baltimore County, MD (base camp) Holabird Signal Depot, Baltimore, Baltimore County, MD (base camp) Hunt (Fort), Sheridan Point, Calvert County, MD (base camp) Meade (Fort George G.), near Odenton, Anne Arundel County, MD Literate and evocative, the letters convey an authentic perspective of a soldier who experienced one of the bloodiest and most transformative wars in American history. or "The South shall be free!" [74] Article 24 of the constitution at last outlawed the practice of slavery. George P. McClelland served with the 155th Pennsylvania Infantry, Army of the Potomac, from August 1862 to his discharge in June 1865. During the American Civil War (18611865), This presentation, based on the speakers 2009 book, 2023 Montgomery County History Conference, African American History in Montgomery County, Stonestreet Museum of 19th Century Medicine. Confederate forces under Lt. Gen. Jubal A. The issue of slavery was finally confronted by the constitution which the state adopted in 1864. Andersonville was more than eight times over-capacity at its peak. Named Camp Hoffman probably after William A. Hoffman, commissioner-general of prisoners. He and his comrades had been captured during a bloody battle at Plymouth, North Carolina. 1864. Yes No An official form of the United States government. The poet Walt Whitman was driven to comment on the shocking living arrangements at Belle Isle after encountering surviving prisoners, appalled at "the measureless torments of thehelpless young men, with all their humiliations, hunger, cold, filth, despair, hope utterly given out, and the more and more frequent mental imbecility.". Despite the controversy, there can be little doubt that Andersonville was the Civil War's most infamous and deadly prison camp. It was 1942. We Were There, Too: Nurses in the Civil War Reenactor: Candace Ridington. Of the 50,000 Southern soldiers held in the army prison camp, who were housed in tents at the Point between 1863 and 1865, according to the Maryland Department of Natural Resources, (Maryland Park Service) nearly 4,000 died, although this death rate of 8 percent was less than half the death rate among soldiers who were still fighting in the field with their own armies. [86] Democrats therefore re-branded themselves the "Democratic Conservative Party", and Republicans called themselves the "Union" party, in an attempt to distance themselves from their most radical elements during the war. Throughout the War units The Battle of Monocacy was fought on July 9, just outside Frederick, as part of the Valley Campaigns of 1864. [57] When the prisoners were taken, many men recognized former friends and family. There was much less appetite for secession than elsewhere in the Southern States (South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Georgia, Alabama Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, North Carolina, Arkansas, Tennessee) or in the border states (Kentucky and Missouri),[2] but Maryland was equally unsympathetic towards the potentially abolitionist position of Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln. Baltimore boasted a monument to Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson[81] until they were taken down on August 16, 2017. On May 23, 1862, at the Battle of Front Royal, the 1st Maryland Infantry, CSA was thrown into battle with their fellow Marylanders, the Union 1st Regiment Maryland Volunteer Infantry. One smallpox outbreak claimed the lives over 300 men during the winter of 1862 alone. The right to vote was eventually extended to non-white males in the Maryland Constitution of 1867, which remains in effect today. WebCivil War Black Wilderness Trapper Stereoview Hunting Musket Powder Horn Rare + $10.75 shipping. The Underground Railroad Movement: Riding the Freedom Train Reenactor: Candace Ridington. ", Schearer, Michael. While other men born in Maryland may have served in other Confederate formations, the same is true of units in the service of the United States. Rockvilles divisions over slavery and the war can serve as an illustration of the divisions in Maryland and the United States as a whole. See chart and explanation, p. 550. Anxious about the risk of secessionists capturing Washington, D.C., given that the capital was bordered by Virginia, and preparing for war with the South, the federal government requested armed volunteers to suppress "unlawful combinations" in the South. WebSeal of Maryland during the war. The order came again from Lincoln's Secretary of State Seward. Originally constructed to hold political prisoners accused of assisting the Confederacy, Point Lookout was expanded upon and used to hold Confederate soldiers from 1863 onward. [20] On April 29, the Legislature voted decisively 5313 against secession,[21][22] though they also voted not to reopen rail links with the North, and they requested that Lincoln remove Union troops from Maryland. [71], The state capital Annapolis's western suburb of Parole became a camp where prisoners-of-war would await formal exchange in the early years of the war. Disappointingly for the exiles, recruits did not flock to the Confederate banner. [45] Among them were members of the former volunteer militia unit, the Maryland Guard Battalion, initially formed in Baltimore in 1859. Join us July 13-16! Divided Nation, Divided Town: One Womans Experience Speaker: Emily Correll. But the markers, and history, misplace the site. In early summer 1864, theUnions prospects for victory in the Civil War brightened when Union General Ulysses Grant besiegedRichmond. [9], After John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry in 1859, many citizens began forming local militias, determined to prevent a future slave uprising. 18,000 Confederates were incarcerated there by the end of the war. Gonzlez, Felipe, Guillermo Marshall, and Suresh Naidu. [57] After hours of desperate fighting the Southerners emerged victorious, despite an inferiority both of numbers and equipment. One month later in October 1861 one John Murphy asked the United States Circuit Court for the District of Columbia to issue a writ of habeas corpus for his son, then in the United States Army, on the grounds that he was underage. Civil War medicine is discussed in relation to medical education of that era and in relation to 19th century medicine before and after the War. The issue of slavery may have been settled by the new constitution, and the legality of secession by the war, but this did not end the debate. "Teaching American History in Maryland Documents for the Classroom: Maryland, A Middle Temperament: 16341980, Inside Lincoln's White House: The Complete Civil War Diary of John Hay, "History of the Federal Judiciary: Circuit Court of the District of Columbia: Legislative History", "Suspension of Civil Liberties in Maryland", "Abraham Lincoln and Treason in the Civil War: The Trials of John Merryman", "Why do people believe myths about the Confederacy? SHOP
Despite some popular support for the cause of the Confederate States of America, Maryland did not secede during the Civil War. Visit the battlefields & sites of Antietam, Gettysburg, Monocacy, South Mountain, Harpers Ferry, Baltimore & Washington, DC. Maryland Humanities Council (2001). [18], Responding to pressure, on April 22 Governor Hicks finally announced that the state legislature would meet in a special session in Frederick, a strongly pro-Union town, rather than the state capital of Annapolis. In 1864, before the end of the War, a constitutional convention outlawed slavery in Maryland. Despite the controversial number Confederates claiming only a few hundred and the Union claiming upwards of 15,000 mortalities the dreadful conditions Federal prisoners faced is unquestionable. Book sales and signings can be included, with all of the sales proceeds going to Montgomery History. Because Maryland had not seceded from the United States the state was not included under the Emancipation Proclamation of January 1, 1863, which declared that all enslaved people within the Confederacy would henceforth be free. WebThe first Union Army "parole camp" for exchanged Northern prisoners of war, was Camp Douglas originally served as a training facility for Illinois regiments, but was later converted to a prison camp. The 1860 Federal Census[7] showed there were nearly as many free blacks (83,942) as slaves (87,189) in Maryland, although the latter were much more dominant in southern counties. [12] Panicked by the situation, several soldiers fired into the mob, whether "accidentally", "in a desultory manner", or "by the command of the officers" is unclear. WebWe meet bi-monthly in Frederick, Maryland and have members who live in Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, & West Virginia. Four soldiers and twelve civilians were killed in the riot. [55] Later in 1861, Baltimore resident W W Glenn described Steuart as a fugitive from the authorities: I was spending the evening out when a footstep approached my chair from behind and a hand was laid upon me. $199.99 + $17.99 shipping. WebMaryland in the American Civil War. Monocacy was a tactical victory for the Confederate States Army but a strategic defeat, as the one-day delay inflicted on the attacking Confederates cost rebel General Jubal Early his chance to capture the Union capital of Washington, D.C. Across the state, some 50,000 citizens signed up for the military, with most joining the United States Army. It was the largest Union POW camp and one of the most secure, as it was WebOver the nine years (1933 - 1942) the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) operated in Maryland , there was an average of twenty-one CCC Camps in the state and any given time, with 15 of these camps sponsored by the State Board of Forestry and located in State Forests and State Parks. However, as the war progressed, the conditions at Salisbury plummeted. August 17 Union troops withdraw from the town to the Maryland shore. No wooden structures were furnished for the prisoners at Belle Isle. How many were citizens of Maryland when they enlisted does not appear. Stuart. Early defeated Union forces under Maj. Gen. Lew Wallace.The battle was part of Early's raid through the WebThirty pen and ink maps of the Maryland Campaign, 1862 : drawn from descriptive readings and map fragments Names Russell, Robert E. L. Created / Published Baltimore : Robert E. Lee Russell, 1932. Dr. Edward Stonestreet of Rockville served as Montgomery County Examining Surgeon in 1862, performing physical examinations on local Union Army recruits and draftees. Jim Johnston unravels the historical mystery. The Maryland legislature refused to ratify both the 14th Amendment, which conferred citizenship rights on former slaves, and the 15th Amendment, which gave the vote to African Americans. Population of the United States in 1860, G.P.O. Some soldiers fared better in terms of shelter, clothing, rations, and overall treatment by their captors. "The social and economic impact of the Civil War on Maryland" (PhD dissertation, The Ohio State University, 1963) (ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 1963. When prisoner exchanges were suspended in 1864, prison camps grew larger and more numerous. This PowerPoint presentation covers both the Civil War history of the camps at Muddy Branch and the history and archaeology of its outpost blockhouse and camp located within, Dr. Edward Stonestreet of Rockville served as Montgomery County Examining Surgeon in 1862, performing physical examinations on local Union Army recruits and draftees. The Constitution of 1867 overturned the registry test oath embedded in the 1864 constitution. For a time it looked as if Maryland was one provocation away from joining the rebels, but Lincoln moved swiftly to defuse the situation, promising that the troops were needed purely to defend Washington, not to attack the South. Imprisoned in both Andersonville and Florence, Private John McElroy noted in his book Andersonville: a Story of Rebel Military Prisons that I think also that all who experienced confinement in the two places are united in pronouncing Florence to be, on the whole, much the worse place and more fatal to life. In October 1864, 20 to 30 prisoners died per day. The document, which replaced the Maryland Constitution of 1851, was largely advocated by Unionists who had secured control of the state, and was framed by a Convention which met at Annapolis in April 1864. [citation needed], The first bloodshed of the Civil War occurred in Maryland. Some, like physician Richard Sprigg Steuart, remained in Maryland, offered covert support for the South, and refused to sign an oath of loyalty to the Union. Send Students on School Field Trips to Battlefields Your Gift Tripled! Stuarts men came through Rockville and captured her husband. The destruction was accomplished the next day. A follow up guided tour of the blockhouse and outpost campsite can also be arranged. The broad surface of the Potomac was blue with floating bodies of our foe. [12] Chaos ensued as a giant brawl began between fleeing soldiers, the violent mob, and the Baltimore police who tried to suppress the violence. After Atlanta fell to Union forces in September 1864, Confederates forces scrabbled to scatter the 30,000 Union soldiers imprisoned at Andersonville Prison in Macon County, Georgia. Communicable diseases such as smallpox and rubella swept through Alton Prison like wild fire, killing hundreds. According to one of his aides: "We loved Maryland, we felt that she was in bondage against her will, and we burned with desire to have a part in liberating her". Myths and Truths: Civil War Battlefield Medical Care of the Wounded Speaker: Clarence Hickey. [41][42] May was eventually released and returned to his seat in Congress in December 1861, and in March 1862 he introduced a bill to Congress requiring the federal government to either indict by grand jury or release all other "political prisoners" still held without habeas.
Suffolk County Police Exam Results, Rio Grande Regional Hospital Careers, How Do The Jurors Perceive Odell Hallmon, Articles C
Suffolk County Police Exam Results, Rio Grande Regional Hospital Careers, How Do The Jurors Perceive Odell Hallmon, Articles C